RESUMO
Cytochrome P450 family genes (CYPs) have common polymorphisms, which are evaluated for pesticide-inducedoxidative stress susceptibility. Variant alleles in CYP enzymes may uncover susceptibility biomarkers of environmentaltoxicity. This study aims to investigate the relationship between CYP2D6 (G1934A) gene polymorphisms and chronicpesticide exposures, and to evaluate the association between CYP2D6 (G1934A) gene polymorphism on biochemicaland hematological parameters. A cross-sectional study was carried out at a health promoting hospital, Suphan Buri,Thailand. Rice farmers and a control group (n = 50 for each) were recruited and their personal data were collected. Theirblood samples were obtained by venepuncture and drawn into plain and Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tubes.Serum cholinesterase (SChE), liver function test, kidney function test, and complete blood count were assessed usingautomatic analyzers; and CYP2D6 (G1934A) genotyping was carried out by polymerase chain reaction-restrictionfragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). SChE in rice farmers was significantly lower (p = 0.033), which maybe related to the use of chlorpyrifos. The genotypes were significantly different between rice farmers and the controlgroup (p = 0.0001), and the GA variant in rice farmers was more frequent. The CYP2D6 (G1934A) (rs 3892097))gene and SChE level were negatively correlated (r = −0.258, p = 0.009). However, other biochemical parameters werenot different. Blood indices, including mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), andmean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), values of rice farmers were significantly lower than the controlgroup; and MCH, MCV, and MCHC values of the GA variant were also significantly lower than the wild type. The GAgenotype was associated with hematological toxicity of organophosphate metabolite in chronic exposures.
RESUMO
Tilapia fishes (Oreochromis niloticus) are commonly consumed and exported in Thailand. Bacterial isolation anddrug resistance from farmed tilapia fished in Thailand were previously reported. This study was purposed to studyon the distribution of human pathogenic bacteria in tilapia fishes, which were collected from Thai farms (n = 180)and fresh markets (n = 160) by identification, antibiotic susceptibility test; and conduct to identify virulence genesby molecular technique. Pathogen isolations were collected from internal organs of fish samples for identificationand test of antibiotic susceptibility according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) criteria. blaCTX-Mand Int1 genes detection of antibiotic resistance bacteria was performed by molecular based techniques. Klebsiellapneumoniae, Edwardsiella tarda, and coagulase-negative Staphylococci were most frequent bacteria isolated fromfarming tilapia fishes, respectively. However, Escherichia coli, coagulase-negative Staphylococci, and K. pneumoniawere frequently distributed from tilapia fishes in markets of Bangkok area. Klebsiella pneumoniae, E. coli, and Proteusmirabilis were resisted to penicillin and ampicillin. Klebsiella pneumoniae is the most important isolated bacteria dueto the distribution in tilapia fishes and positive for blaCTX-M and Int1 gene detection. However, E. coli and P. mirabiliswere lack of blaCTX-M and Int1 genes, possibly there may reserve other antibiotic resistance genes